Publication ethics

• Manuscripts must be original and not previously published or under consideration elsewhere.
• All authors must approve the final manuscript before submission.
• The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal.
• Authors must ensure accuracy and integrity of all data presented.
• Proper citation and acknowledgment of sources must be maintained.

• All submitted manuscripts are checked using plagiarism detection software.
• Plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, is strictly prohibited.
• Acceptable similarity index is generally below 20% (excluding references).
• Detected plagiarism may lead to rejection or retraction.

• The editorial board is responsible for fair and unbiased peer review.
• Manuscripts are evaluated based on scientific merit only.
• Editors maintain confidentiality of submitted manuscripts.
• Editorial decisions are final and independent.

• All manuscripts undergo double-blind peer review.
• Reviewers provide constructive feedback to improve manuscript quality.
• Confidentiality is maintained throughout the review process.

• Studies involving human participants must have ethical committee approval.
• Ethical clearance details must be mentioned in the manuscript.
• Patient confidentiality must be strictly maintained.
• Informed consent is required where applicable.

Authors must declare any financial or personal conflicts of interest that may influence the research or its interpretation.

• Fabrication, falsification, or manipulation of data is strictly prohibited.
• Duplicate submission is considered unethical.
• Violation may result in rejection, retraction, or notification to institutions.